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Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) hold great fascination for technology and science. In medicine, they refer to systems that detect neural activity and use it as a trigger for certain medically relevant actions.
Medical applications of this technology that are particularly intensively explored include neuronally controlled assistive systems for severely paralyzed people. They provide patients with means for communication or motor assistance for example through robot arms. In recent years, more and more scientific evidence suggests that such systems can also be used for rehabilitation purposes.
In research environment, these technologies have already achieved remarkable successes. However, there are currently no such systems yet that would be suitable for everyday use.
– As assistive systems for severely paralyzed patients, e.g. with ALS or spinal cord injury
Paralyses that occur, e.g. after severe strokes, spinal cord injuries, or in the progressive muscular atrophy disease ALS (by which the well-known physicist Stephen Hawking was afflicted, for example) can be so severe that patients can no longer communicate in a normal way. This case is called locked-in syndrome.
When even eye movements or twitching of individual muscles become impossible, the patients are completely “locked in” (complete Locked-in syndrome).
The inability to control their environment and to communicate with relatives and caregivers makes this state especially difficult for the patients – in particular, because they can at the same time remain fully conscious.
The Potential of Neurotechnology
The Current State of Research and Technology
Solutions supported by CorTec Technology
– For Rehabilitation, e.g., after stroke
After a stroke, many patients are left with paralyses, that permanently affect them in their daily lives, and which sometimes cannot even be remedied by intensive rehabilitation.
The Potential of Neurotechnology
The Current State of Research and Technology
Solutions supported by CorTec Technology
Further Readings
For the general public
Aa assistive systems for severely paralyzed patients
For Rehabilitation
Scientific Literature
As assistive systems for severely paralyzed patients
Brain-computer interfaces in the completely locked-in state and chronic stroke.
Chaudhary U, Birbaumer N, Ramos-Murguialday A.
Prog Brain Res. 2016;228:131-61. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.019. Epub 2016 Aug 8. Review.
Neurobionics and the brain-computer interface: current applications and future horizons.
Rosenfeld JV, Wong YT.
Med J Aust. 2017 May 1;206(8):363-368. Review.
Brain-computer interfaces in medicine.
Shih JJ, Krusienski DJ, Wolpaw JR.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):268-79. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.12.008. Epub 2012 Feb 10. Review.
Neural Point-and-Click Communication by a Person With Incomplete Locked-In Syndrome.
Bacher D, Jarosiewicz B, Masse NY, Stavisky SD, Simeral JD, Newell K, Oakley EM, Cash SS, Friehs G, Hochberg LR.
Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Jun;29(5):462-71. doi: 10.1177/1545968314554624. Epub 2014 Nov 10.
Decoding hand gestures from primary somatosensory cortex using high-density ECoG.
Branco MP, Freudenburg ZV, Aarnoutse EJ, Bleichner MG, Vansteensel MJ, Ramsey NF.
Neuroimage. 2017 Feb 15;147:130-142. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.004. Epub 2016 Dec 5.
Collinger JL, Kryger MA, Barbara R, Betler T, Bowsher K, Brown EH, Clanton ST, Degenhart AD, Foldes ST, Gaunt RA, Gyulai FE, Harchick EA, Harrington D, Helder JB, Hemmes T, Johannes MS, Katyal KD, Ling GS, McMorland AJ, Palko K, Para MP, Scheuermann J, Schwartz AB, Skidmore ER, Solzbacher F, Srikameswaran AV, Swanson DP, Swetz S, Tyler-Kabara EC, Velliste M, Wang W, Weber DJ, Wodlinger B, Boninger ML.
Clin Transl Sci. 2014 Feb;7(1):52-9. doi: 10.1111/cts.12086. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
An electrocorticographic brain interface in an individual with tetraplegia.
Wang W, Collinger JL, Degenhart AD, Tyler-Kabara EC, Schwartz AB, Moran DW, Weber DJ, Wodlinger B, Vinjamuri RK, Ashmore RC, Kelly JW, Boninger ML.
PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055344. Epub 2013 Feb 6.
For Rehabilitation
Frolov AA, Mokienko O, Lyukmanov R, Biryukova E, Kotov S, Turbina L, Nadareyshvily G, Bushkova Y.
Front Neurosci. 2017 Jul 20;11:400. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00400. eCollection 2017.
Bundy DT, Souders L, Baranyai K, Leonard L, Schalk G, Coker R, Moran DW, Huskey T, Leuthardt EC.
Stroke. 2017 Jul;48(7):1908-1915. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.016304. Epub 2017 May 26.
Monge-Pereira E, Ibañez-Pereda J, Alguacil-Diego IM, Serrano JI, Spottorno-Rubio MP, Molina-Rueda F.
PM R. 2017 May 13. pii: S1934-1482(17)30581-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.04.016.
Brain-computer interfaces in the completely locked-in state and chronic stroke.
Chaudhary U, Birbaumer N, Ramos-Murguialday A.
Prog Brain Res. 2016;228:131-61. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.019. Epub 2016 Aug 8. Review.
Brain-actuated functional electrical stimulation elicits lasting arm motor recovery after stroke.
Biasiucci A, Leeb R, Iturrate I, Perdikis S, Al-Khodairy A, Corbet T, Schnider A, Schmidlin T, Zhang H, Bassolino M, Viceic D, Vuadens P, Guggisberg AG, Millán JDR.
Nat Commun. 2018 Jun 20;9(1):2421. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04673-z.
From assistance towards restoration with epidural brain-computer interfacing.
Gharabaghi A, Naros G, Walter A, Grimm F, Schuermeyer M, Roth A, Bogdan M, Rosenstiel W, Birbaumer N.
Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2014;32(4):517-25. doi: 10.3233/RNN-140387.
Neural interface technology for rehabilitation: exploiting and promoting neuroplasticity.
Wang W, Collinger JL, Perez MA, Tyler-Kabara EC, Cohen LG, Birbaumer N, Brose SW, Schwartz AB, Boninger ML, Weber DJ.
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2010 Feb;21(1):157-78. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2009.07.003. Review.
Northstar study papers:
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